You would think that it would be warmer during the day than at night, but it isn’t. Swimming lowers your temperature by 8 degrees. Whether or not you are in a player-made Shelter is supposed to matter, but at the moment that system isn’t working. Temperature in the game is controlled by: If the white line drifts too far up or down, you get debuffed if it drifts all the way to the top or the bottom, you start taking damage.
In the upper left corner of your screen is an analog thermometer gauge.